"The English jury system migrated to colonial America, but the English did not allow juries in all cases. The denial of the right to a jury trial in all cases inflamed the colonists, and it was one of the many reasons for the revolt against England’s rule. During the American Revolution, many states included the right to a jury trial in their state constitutions."
Read more: Juries – The Jury System In America – Trial, Criminal, Amendment, and Parties – JRank Articles http://law.jrank.org/pages/22534/Juries-Jury-System-in-America.html#ixzz4lWv7Bd1U Article Three of the US Constitution stated that "[t]he judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The first actions of the newly created Congress was to pass the Judiciary Act of 1789 that made provisions for the Supreme Court. It stated that it would consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices and they would meet in the nation's capital.
Read Entire Article: https://www.thoughtco.com/early-development-united-states-court-system-104770 Maggie Lau works in a gold mine. But what she seeks here, more than a kilometer and a half (a mile) below the South African surface, may be more precious than gold. She’s looking for life.
It’s not easy work, lit only by headlamps. At times, it can feel as hot and humid as a sauna. Some spots smell like rotten eggs, due to sulfide gas emanating from holes dug in the rock. Until about 20 years ago, scientists weren’t even sure if life existed deep below Earth’s surface. Then in 1992, Tullis Onstott and his colleagues discovered bacteria growing on the rocks retrieved from some 3 kilometers underground. Those rocks were more than 200 million years old, at least as old as the earliest dinosaurs. And the bacteria they analyzed may have survived from that time, Onstott now says. He’s a geomicrobiologist — a scientist who studies how microbes interact with rocks and minerals. He heads the lab at Princeton University, in New Jersey, where Lau is now a graduate student. Scientists like Lau and Onstott now travel the world over in search of deep life. They go deep underground in mines or caverns. They drill beneath the ocean floor and in oil fields. Some of these places are near-freezing; others are hotter than Death Valley. “The challenge is in the hunt,” says Onstott. “It’s a fantastic journey.” And these hunts are turning up a whole zoo of microscopic creatures. Some of the deeply buried critters feed on toxic chemicals such as arsenic and uranium. One day, other scientists might tap them to clean up toxic waste. Other microbes might produce useful substances, such as new types of germ-killing medicines known as antibiotics. And perhaps most intriguing, these organisms could also help biologists learn about life beyond Earth — true extraterrestrials. Read Entire Article: https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/worlds-deepest-zoo-harbors-clues-extraterrestrial-life Fake news played a bigger role in this past presidential election than ever seen before. And sometimes it has had serious repercussions for real people and businesses.
That's what happened to a pizzeria in Washington, D.C., recently, when an armed man claiming to be "self-investigating" a fake news story entered the restaurant and fired off several rounds. But once a fake news story is out there, and the harm has been done, what can a person do about it? Derigan Silver, a professor of media, First Amendment and Internet law at the University of Denver, tells NPR's Audie Cornish that victims of fake news stories have legal recourse under defamation law. "Fake news sites are clearly a situation where they're engaging in a defamatory statement, a false statement about another that damages that person's reputation," Silver says. "In that situation, that is certainly actionable." Read Entire Article: http://www.npr.org/2016/12/07/504723649/what-legal-recourse-do-victims-of-fake-news-stories-have Google chairman Eric Schmidt claims that “the Internet will disappear.” No, he wasn’t referring to the fact that you won’t be able to “like” pictures of dogs on Facebook anymore or log in to your Effacts database. He meant that the internet as we know it will become so pervasive and integrated into so many everyday objects (think fridges, watches and cars) that users will no longer notice when they are interacting with it. This phenomenon is known as the “Internet of Things” (IoT), a term for physical devices that come equipped with wireless internet connectivity. Currently, the technology is being integrated into devices at a rapid rate, while the legal world is grappling with the issues raised by the IoT, and identifying the ones which are of greatest concern.
Data Security and PrivacyTheoretically, any device that has an internet connection can be hacked. This isn’t necessarily an immediate cause for alarm, since cybercriminals usually have their eyes on large computer networks and payment collection systems. The speed at which the devices are being developed and the general lack of security protocols make these device more vulnerable. In July 2014, Hewlett-Packard published a study on the security of 10 popular IoT devices. At least 70% of the devices transmitted data over unencrypted network services and perhaps most shocking, 80% used simple passwords. One way to fill in the gap in privacy is if companies offer anti-virus software for kitchen appliances and wearable devices. In the future, households may hire digital privacy consultants to assess their collections of connected devices. Read Entire Article: http://www.effacts.com/en/blog/top-legal-issues-for-the-internet-of-things/ In the summer of 2015, Alexandra Franco got a letter in the mail from a company she had never heard of called AcurianHealth. The letter, addressed to Franco personally, invited her to participate in a study of people with psoriasis, a condition that causes dry, itchy patches on the skin.
Franco did not have psoriasis. But the year before, she remembered, she had searched for information about it online, when a friend was dealing with the condition. And a few months prior to getting the letter, she had also turned to the internet with a question about a skin fungus. It was the sort of browsing anyone might do, on the assumption it was private and anonymous. Now there was a letter, with her name and home address on it, targeting her as a potential skin-disease patient. Acurian is in the business of recruiting people to take part in clinical trials for drug companies. How had it identified her? She had done nothing that would publicly associate her with having a skin condition. Read Entire Article: http://gizmodo.com/how-a-company-you-ve-never-heard-of-sends-you-letters-a-1795643539 Possibly the strongest hybrid silk fibers yet have been created by scientists using all renewable resources. Combining spider silk proteins with nanocellulose from wood, the process offers a low-cost and scalable way to make bioactive materials for a wide range of medical uses.
Read Article: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170517120737.htm |
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